The Bayesian skyline plot analysis revealed new balance shoes cricket evidence of a very recent (ca. 8,000 years ago) demographic expansion in pumas ( Figure 4 ). The signal for this expansion was apparent with both data sets (full sample and South American pumas only), with only minor differences in the estimated parameters.

Bayesian Skyline plots derived from an alignment of puma ND5 sequences. In (A) the analysis was run for all puma samples, and in (B) for new balance shoes black South American pumas only. The thick solid line represents the mean, while the 95% HPD (highest posterior density) limits are shown by the blue new balance golf shoe areas. The vertical dashed lines refer to the t MRCA , with the thin line indicating the lower 95% HPD limit, and the thick line representing the mean.

The mtDNA data set analyzed in this study allowed a deeper understanding of the matrilineal history of pumas, refining, extending and new balance melbourne in some cases adjusting the inferences previously put forth by Culver et al. (2000) .

(2000) , including ND5 , ATP8 and 16S segments, contained 15 variable sites and defined 14 different haplotypes.

Indeed, the observed levels of haplotype (gene) diversity in pumas were quite high, new balance black while nucleotide diversity was more modest, suggestive of rather recent mtDNA coalescence in this species.

Gene diversity was highest for South America, while nucleotide diversity reached a maximum in Central America. North American pumas presented low values for both indices, which were at least two-fold lower than those of the other sub-continental groups. When the South American regional groups defined by the AMOVA (see Figure 1 and Table 3 for their definition) were assessed, we observed that the CNESA and CSSA groups exhibited the highest haplotype diversity, with the SWSA and [img]http://www.junkupload.com/images/make/new balance black-811xhg.jpg[/img] NSA groups also presenting high values ( Table 2 ).